Portability & Independence

A procurement and migration lens on the directory: how much does each option reduce vendor lock-in, ease migration, support flexible deployment, and stay auditable? Engineering, not politics — and a signal, not a certification.

How it's scored (0–100). Six dimensions: deployment flexibility, data control, portability, supply-chain flexibility, ecosystem maturity, and openness (derived from open-source status, API access, and a public repo).

Levels. Strategic 75–100 · Strong 50–74 · Partial 25–49 · Low 0–24.

Pilot: 67 products scored so far. Figures are display-ready estimates with an as-of date on each product page. Hardware / silicon is intentionally not yet scored — the rubric is software- and service-centric.

Strategic · 75–100 · 22

Candidate for critical / long-term replacement (still audit case by case).

DeepSeek 深度求索
alternative to OpenAI GPT / Claude
Open source — repository on the product page

Open-weight foundation and reasoning models (V3 / R1 series).

AI stack Private Open source
#1 open weights MIT 128K ctx
Qwen 通义千问
alternative to GPT / Gemini / Llama
Open source — repository on the product page

Alibaba's open-weight model family (text, multimodal, coding).

AI stack US-listed Open source Foreign-investable
#2 open weights Apache 2.0 256K ctx
Ant Design
alternative to Material UI / Bootstrap
Open source — repository on the product page

Enterprise React/Vue component library; 90k+ GitHub stars; MIT-licensed.

AI stack Private Open source
Kimi 月之暗面
alternative to Claude / GPT
Open source — repository on the product page

Long-context models and chat assistant from Moonshot AI.

AI stack Private Open source
#3 open weights Modified MIT 256K ctx
GLM (Z.ai) 智谱
alternative to GPT / Claude
Open source — repository on the product page

Zhipu's GLM model family; open-weight and API.

AI stack HK-listed Open source Foreign-investable
#4 open weights MIT 128K ctx
ERNIE 文心一言
alternative to GPT / Gemini
Open source — repository on the product page

Baidu's ERNIE model family; open-weight (4.5) and API.

AI stack US-listed Open source Foreign-investable
#6 open weights Apache 2.0
openGauss openGauss
alternative to PostgreSQL / Oracle
Open source — repository on the product page

Open-source relational database ecosystem originating from Huawei's GaussDB work, optimized for enterprise OLTP and domestic infrastructure.

AI stack Private Open source
Apache Doris / SelectDB Doris / 飞轮科技
alternative to Snowflake / ClickHouse / Elasticsearch
Open source — repository on the product page

Apache top-level real-time analytics database for warehouses, lakehouse queries, logs and observability; commercialized by SelectDB.

AI stack Private Open source
StarRocks StarRocks
alternative to ClickHouse / Apache Druid / Snowflake
Open source — repository on the product page

Open-source high-performance MPP analytics database for real-time OLAP, lakehouse and data warehouse workloads.

AI stack Private Open source
Apache APISIX
alternative to Kong / Apigee
Open source — repository on the product page

High-performance cloud-native API & AI gateway.

AI stack Private Open source
Arco Design
alternative to Material UI / AntD
Open source — repository on the product page

Enterprise React/Vue component library and design system; MIT-licensed.

Cost-effective Private Open source
TDesign
alternative to Material UI / Bootstrap
Open source — repository on the product page

Multi-framework design system (React/Vue/Angular/Miniprogram); MIT-licensed.

Cost-effective HK-listed Open source Foreign-investable
Semi Design
alternative to Material UI / AntD
Open source — repository on the product page

Design system + React library with strong theming/design-to-code; MIT-licensed.

Cost-effective Private Open source
Element Plus
alternative to Bootstrap / Material UI
Open source — repository on the product page

Popular Vue 3 component library, community-governed; MIT-licensed.

Cost-effective Private Open source
Hunyuan 混元
alternative to GPT / Gemini
Open source — repository on the product page

Tencent's Hunyuan models (text, image, 3D); some open weights.

AI stack HK-listed Partly open Foreign-investable
#7 open weights Custom
ModelScope 魔搭
alternative to Hugging Face
Open source — repository on the product page

Open model hub and library (Alibaba): models, datasets, demos.

AI stack US-listed Open source Foreign-investable
cloud platform Apache 2.0
Dify
alternative to LangChain / Flowise
Open source — repository on the product page

Open-source LLM app and agent development platform (LLMOps).

AI stack Private Open source
cloud platform Apache 2.0
TiDB / PingCAP
alternative to MySQL / PostgreSQL / CockroachDB
Open source — repository on the product page

Open-source distributed NewSQL (HTAP), MySQL-compatible.

AI stack Private Open source
OceanBase
alternative to Oracle / MySQL / distributed SQL
Open source — repository on the product page

Distributed relational/HTAP database, TPC-C record holder.

AI stack Private Open source
MiniMax 稀宇科技
alternative to GPT / Claude
Open source — repository on the product page

Foundation and multimodal models; open-weight and API.

AI stack HK-listed Open source Foreign-investable
#5 open weights Apache 2.0 1M ctx
CodeGeeX
alternative to GitHub Copilot / Cursor
Open source — repository on the product page

Open-weight code-generation model and IDE assistant (Zhipu).

AI stack HK-listed Open source Foreign-investable
open weights Apache 2.0
JeecgBoot
alternative to Retool / low-code
Open source — repository on the product page

Open-source low-code/codegen platform (Spring Boot + Vue).

Cost-effective Private Open source

Strong · 50–74 · 13

Usable for most replacement and migration scenarios.

Dameng Database 达梦数据库
alternative to Oracle / IBM Db2 / PostgreSQL

Chinese commercial relational database used in government and enterprise systems, with domestic operating-system and CPU ecosystem support.

Cost-effective A-share Closed
PolarDB PolarDB
alternative to Amazon Aurora / MySQL / PostgreSQL
Open source — repository on the product page

Alibaba Cloud's cloud-native relational database family, with MySQL, PostgreSQL and Oracle-compatible editions plus the open-source PolarDB-X distributed SQL path.

Global-ready US-listed Partly open Foreign-investable
GaussDB GaussDB
alternative to Oracle / PostgreSQL / IBM Db2

Huawei Cloud's enterprise distributed relational database, aligned with the openGauss ecosystem and used for financial, government and core enterprise workloads.

Global-ready Private Partly open
Alibaba Cloud 阿里云
alternative to AWS / Azure / GCP

Strongest non-Western global cloud footprint, especially APAC.

Global-ready US-listed Closed Foreign-investable
Tencent Cloud 腾讯云
alternative to AWS / Azure / GCP

Cloud strong in gaming, media and social workloads.

Global-ready HK-listed Closed Foreign-investable
Huawei Cloud 华为云
alternative to AWS / Azure / GCP

Enterprise/government and telecom-grade cloud.

Global-ready Private Closed
WPS Office 金山办公
alternative to MS Office / Workspace

Cross-platform office suite with WPS AI and a strong free tier.

Cost-effective A-share Closed
Baidu AI Cloud 百度智能云
alternative to AWS / Azure / GCP

AI-centric cloud built around the Ernie / PaddlePaddle stack.

AI stack US-listed Partly open Foreign-investable
Qianfan 千帆
alternative to OpenAI API / Azure AI Foundry

Baidu's model-development and serving platform (ERNIE + third-party models).

AI stack US-listed Closed Foreign-investable
cloud platform
eSurfing Cloud 天翼云
alternative to AWS / Azure / GCP

China Telecom's telco cloud focused on cloud-network integration, distributed cloud and government/enterprise workloads.

Global-ready HK-listed Closed Foreign-investable
China Mobile Cloud 移动云
alternative to AWS / Azure / GCP

China Mobile's cloud brand for compute, storage, databases, CDN and cloud-network integrated enterprise services.

Global-ready HK-listed Closed Foreign-investable
Unicom Cloud 联通云
alternative to AWS / Azure / GCP

China Unicom's cloud platform for secure enterprise cloud, edge-cloud and telecom-network-integrated workloads.

Global-ready HK-listed Closed Foreign-investable
Volcano Engine 火山引擎
alternative to AWS / Azure / GCP

ByteDance's enterprise cloud and AI platform, spanning compute, data, media and model-serving services.

AI stack Private Closed

Partial · 25–49 · 29

Some independence, but deployment, migration or stack adaptation is still constrained.

Doubao 豆包
alternative to ChatGPT / Gemini

ByteDance's model family and consumer assistant; API via Volcano Engine.

AI stack Private Closed
#8 api
Model Studio 百炼
alternative to OpenAI API / Vertex AI

Alibaba Cloud's model-serving platform (Bailian) for Qwen and other models.

AI stack US-listed Closed Foreign-investable
cloud platform
Qoder Qoder CN / 通义灵码
alternative to Claude Code / GitHub Copilot / Cursor

Alibaba Cloud's AI agent suite for software development and daily work, including IDE coding, CLI, QoderWork desktop and cloud agents.

AI stack US-listed Closed Foreign-investable
chat app
Kingsoft Cloud 金山云
alternative to AWS / Azure / GCP

Independent public cloud with growing AI infrastructure focus.

Global-ready US-listed Closed Foreign-investable
JD Cloud 京东云
alternative to AWS / Azure / GCP

JD.com's cloud platform with compute, storage, networking and enterprise digital-infrastructure services.

Global-ready US-listed Closed Foreign-investable
UCloud 优刻得
alternative to AWS / Azure / GCP

Independent Chinese cloud provider offering public, private, hybrid and edge cloud services.

Cost-effective A-share Closed
MasterGo 蓝湖
alternative to Figma

Browser-based collaborative UI/UX design with AI features.

Cost-effective Private Closed
JS Design 即时设计
alternative to Figma

Figma-style design tool that can import/edit Figma files.

Cost-effective Private Closed
Wangsu 网宿科技
alternative to Cloudflare / Akamai

CDN, edge and cloud-security with a global node footprint.

Global-ready A-share Closed
UnionPay International 银联国际
alternative to Visa / Mastercard

International card network and payment services for UnionPay cards, mobile QuickPass, QR code and online payment scenarios.

Global-ready Private Closed
DingTalk 钉钉
alternative to Slack / Teams

Enterprise comms + collaboration + workflow (600M+ users).

Global-ready US-listed Closed Foreign-investable
Feishu / Lark 飞书
alternative to Slack / Notion

All-in-one messaging + docs + video; Lark is the global edition.

Global-ready Private Closed
Alibaba.com 阿里巴巴国际站
alternative to Amazon Business / eBay

Global B2B sourcing marketplace for manufacturers, suppliers, exporters and importers, including RFQ and trade-assurance workflows.

Global-ready US-listed Closed Foreign-investable
ApsaraDB for MongoDB 云数据库 MongoDB 版
alternative to MongoDB / MongoDB Atlas

Alibaba Cloud's managed MongoDB-compatible document database service, supporting replica set and sharded-cluster architectures with backup, monitoring and elastic scaling.

Global-ready US-listed Closed Foreign-investable
TencentDB for MongoDB TencentDB for MongoDB
alternative to MongoDB / MongoDB Atlas

Tencent Cloud's managed MongoDB-compatible NoSQL database for document workloads, with native protocol compatibility, sharding, monitoring and automated recovery.

Global-ready HK-listed Closed Foreign-investable
Huawei Cloud DDS 文档数据库服务 DDS
alternative to MongoDB / MongoDB Atlas

Huawei Cloud's Document Database Service, a MongoDB-compatible online document database with replica set and cluster deployment options.

Global-ready Private Closed
AfterShip
alternative to Narvar / Route

Post-purchase: tracking, returns, multi-carrier shipping.

Global-ready Private Closed
AliExpress 全球速卖通
alternative to Amazon / eBay

Alibaba's international retail marketplace for cross-border consumer goods from third-party sellers.

Global-ready US-listed Closed Foreign-investable
BigModel 智谱 BigModel
alternative to OpenAI API

Zhipu's open API platform for the GLM models.

AI stack Private Closed
api
Coze 扣子
alternative to OpenAI GPTs / Copilot Studio

No-code platform for building AI agents and bots (ByteDance).

AI stack Private Closed
cloud platform
Kingdee Cloud 金蝶云
alternative to SAP / Oracle NetSuite

Enterprise management SaaS covering ERP, finance, HCM, supply chain, procurement and manufacturing, with global English-facing operations.

Global-ready HK-listed Closed Foreign-investable
Yonyou BIP / YonSuite 用友 BIP / YonSuite
alternative to SAP / Oracle NetSuite

Enterprise cloud and management software suite spanning ERP, finance, supply chain, CRM, HR and business intelligence.

Global-ready A-share Closed
Alipay / Ant 支付宝
alternative to Stripe / PayPal / Apple Pay / Google Pay

Mobile payments + fintech; cross-border via Alipay+ / Antom.

Global-ready Private Closed
WeChat Pay 微信支付
alternative to Stripe / PayPal / Apple Pay / Google Pay

Tencent's wallet and merchant payment network embedded in WeChat, supporting QR, in-app, mini-program and web payments.

Global-ready HK-listed Closed Foreign-investable
Shopline
alternative to Shopify

Cross-border store-builder SaaS expanding into global markets.

Global-ready US-listed Closed Foreign-investable
DHgate 敦煌网
alternative to Amazon Business / eBay

Cross-border B2B and B2C marketplace connecting global buyers with Chinese suppliers and small manufacturers.

Global-ready Private Closed
VooV Meeting 腾讯会议 / VooV Meeting
alternative to Zoom / Google Meet / Microsoft Teams

Tencent's international cloud video-conferencing product, covering meetings across web, desktop and mobile.

Global-ready HK-listed Closed Foreign-investable
Temu Temu
alternative to Amazon / eBay / Etsy

Global value-focused marketplace operated by PDD Holdings, connecting consumers with low-cost consumer goods and cross-border fulfillment.

Cost-effective US-listed Closed Foreign-investable
TikTok Shop TikTok Shop
alternative to Amazon / Shopify

Social-commerce marketplace embedded in TikTok, combining product listings, short video, livestream selling, affiliates and seller-center operations.

Global-ready Private Closed

Low · 0–24 · 3

Nominal alternative only; high lock-in or unclear migration path.